A na-ejikarị ngwa ngwa kemịkalụ inyeaka na-emepụta iko iko. Ihe ọ bụla akụrụngwa nke nwere ike imebi (gasify) na okpomọkụ dị elu n'oge usoro ịgbaze iko iji mepụta gas ma ọ bụ belata viscosity nke mmiri mmiri iko iji kwalite mkpochapụ nke egosipụta na mmiri mmiri iko a na-akpọ nkọwa. Dị ka usoro nkọwa nke iko si dị, enwere ike kewaa ya n'ime: oxide clarifier (nke a na-akpọkarị: oxygen clarification), sulfate clarifier (nke a na-akpọkarị: sulfur clarification), halide clarifier (nke a na-akpọkarị: halogen clarification) na nkọwa nkọwa. nke a na-akpọkarị: Compound clarification).
1. Oxide clarifier
Ihe na-akọwa oxide na-agụnyekarị arsenic ọcha, antimony oxide, sodium nitrate, ammonium nitrate, na cerium oxide.
1. arsenic ọcha
Arsenic na-acha ọcha, nke a makwaara dị ka arsenous anhydride, bụ ihe na-eme ka ọ doo anya nke ọma nwere mmetụta nkọwa zuru oke. A na-akpọkarị ya "Clarification King" na ụlọ ọrụ iko. Ma a ghaghị iji arsenic na-acha ọcha mee ihe na nitrate iji nweta mmetụta nkọwa dị mma. Arsenic na-acha ọcha na-agbaze ntakịrị na mmiri oyi ma na-agbaze ngwa ngwa na mmiri ọkụ. Ọ na-egbu egbu nke ukwuu. Ọ bụ ntụ ntụ kristal na-acha ọcha ma ọ bụ ihe nwere enyo amorphous. Dị ka ihe sitere na mgbaze ọla edo, isi awọ arsenic na-abụkarị isi awọ, isi awọ ma ọ bụ isi awọ-oji. A na-ejikarị ya dị ka onye na-akọwapụta ihe. arsenic. Mgbe arsenic na-acha ọcha na-ekpo ọkụ karịa ogo 400, ọ ga-emepụta arsenic pentoxide na oxygen nke nitrate na-ewepụta na okpomọkụ dị elu. Mgbe a na-ekpo ọkụ ruo ogo 1300, arsenic pentoxide ga-erepịa iji mepụta trioxide arsenic, nke na-ebelata ntakịrị nrụgide nke gas na iko. Ọ na-enye aka na uto nke egosipụta ma na-eme ka mkpochapụ nke ụfụfụ dị ngwa, iji nweta nzube nke ịkọwapụta.
Ọnụ ego arsenic na-acha ọcha na-abụkarị 0.2%-0.6% nke ego batch, na ọnụọgụ nitrate ewepụtara bụ 4-8 ugboro nke arsenic ọcha. Iji arsenic na-acha ọcha na-emebiga ihe ókè ọ bụghị nanị na-eme ka mgbanwe ahụ dịkwuo elu, ma na-emerụkwa gburugburu ebe obibi ma na-emerụ ahụ mmadụ. 0.06 grams nke arsenic ọcha nwere ike ịkpata ọnwụ. Ya mere, mgbe ị na-eji arsenic na-acha ọcha, a ga-ekenye onye pụrụ iche ka ọ debe ya iji gbochie ihe ndị na-egbu egbu. Iko nwere arsenic na-acha ọcha dị ka onye na-akọwapụta ihe dị mfe iji belata ma na-agbaji iko ahụ n'oge a na-arụ ọrụ oriọna ahụ, ya mere, a ga-eji arsenic na-acha ọcha mee ihe na-erughị ma ọ bụ na-adịghị na iko oriọna.
2. Antimony oxide
Mmetụta nkọwa nke antimony oxide yiri nke arsenic na-acha ọcha, na a ga-ejikwa ya na nitrate mee ihe. Nkọwa na nbibi okpomọkụ nke iji antimony oxide dị ala karịa nke arsenic ọcha, ya mere a na-ejikarị antimony oxide mee ihe dị ka ihe na-akọwapụta mgbe ọ na-agbaze iko ndu. Na soda lime silicate iko, 0.2% antimony oxide na 0.4% ọcha arsenic na-eji dị ka ndị na-akọwa nkọwa, nke nwere mmetụta nkọwa dị mma ma nwee ike igbochi ọgbọ nke abụọ egosipụta.
3. Nitrate
A na-ejikarị nitrate naanị dị ka ihe na-akọwapụta n'ime iko, a na-ejikarị ya eme ihe dị ka onye na-enye oxygen na ngwakọta valence oxides.
4. Cerium dioxide
Cerium dioxide nwere okpomoku nbibi dị elu ma bụrụ ihe na-akọwapụta nke ọma, nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe dị ka akụrụngwa. Mgbe ejiri ya mee ihe dị ka onye na-akọwa nkọwa, ọ dịghị mkpa ka ejikọta ya na nitrate, ọ pụkwara ịhapụ oxygen n'onwe ya na okpomọkụ dị elu iji mee ka nkọwa dị ngwa. Iji belata ụgwọ ọrụ, a na-ejikarị ya na sulfate na-emepụta bọọlụ iko iji nweta mmetụta nkọwa dị mma.
2. Sulfate clarifier
Sulfates a na-eji n'ime iko bụ nke kachasị sodium sulfate, barium sulfate, calcium sulfate, na sulfate nwere okpomọkụ na-ere ere dị elu, nke bụ ihe na-eme ka ọ pụta ìhè na okpomọkụ dị elu. Mgbe a na-eji sulfate mee ihe dị ka ihe na-eme ka ọ pụta ìhè, ọ kacha mma iji ya na njikọ oxidizing nitrate, na enweghị ike iji ya na ihe na-ebelata iji gbochie sulfate site na ire ere na obere okpomọkụ. A na-ejikarị sulfate eme ihe na iko karama na iko dị larịị, yana usoro ọgwụgwọ ya bụ 1.0% -1.5% nke batch.
3. Halide na-akọwapụta onye ọrụ
Nke kachasị gụnyere fluoride, sodium chloride, ammonium chloride na ndị ọzọ. Fluoride bụ tumadi fluorite na sodium fluorosilicate. A na-agbakọ ọnụọgụ fluorite ejiri dị ka onye na-akọwapụta ihe dabere na 0.5% fluorine ewebatara n'ime batch. Ngwọta n'ozuzu nke sodium fluorosilicate bụ 0.4%-0.6% nke ego sodium oxide n'ime iko. N'oge agbaze nke fluoride, akụkụ nke fluorine ga-emepụta hydrogen fluoride, silicon fluoride, na sodium fluoride. Nsi ya dị ukwuu karịa nke sọlfọ dioxide. Ekwesịrị ịtụle mmetụta dị na ikuku mgbe ị na-eji ya. Vaporization na volatility nke sodium chloride na oke okpomọkụ nwere ike ịkwalite nkọwa nke mmiri mmiri iko. Usoro ọgwụgwọ n'ozuzu bụ 1.3% -3.5% nke ihe ogbe. Nke ukwuu ga-emulize iko. A na-ejikarị ya eme ihe dị ka nkọwa maka iko nwere boron.
Anọ, nkọwa nkọwa
Ihe mgbagwoju anya nke mejupụtara na-eji uru nkọwa atọ nke ikuku oxygen, nkọwapụta sọlfọ na halogen nkọwa na onye na-ahụ maka nkọwa, ma na-enye egwuregwu zuru oke na mmetụta synergistic na nke kachasị elu nke atọ, nke nwere ike nweta mmetụta nke nkọwa na-aga n'ihu ma mee ka nkọwa ahụ dịkwuo mma. ike. Ọ bụ otu nkọwa. Onye nnọchi anya enweghị atụ. Dị ka usoro mmepe si kwuo, e nwere: ọgbọ mbụ nke ihe mgbagwoju anya, ọgbọ nke abụọ nke ihe mgbagwoju anya na ọgbọ nke atọ nke ihe mgbagwoju anya. A na-akpọkwa ọgbọ nke atọ nke ndị na-akọwa ihe mgbagwoju anya ọgbọ ọhụrụ nke ndị na-eme ihe na-emekọ ihe na gburugburu ebe obibi, bụ ndị na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ na gburugburu ebe obibi. Amara maka nchekwa ya na arụmọrụ ya, ọ bụ ntụziaka mmepe n'ọdịnihu nke ụlọ ọrụ na-ahụ maka ihe nrịbama iko na ihe a na-apụghị izere ezere nke imezu usoro enweghị arsenic na ụlọ ọrụ iko. Usoro ọgwụgwọ n'ozuzu bụ 0.4%-0.6% nke ogbe. A na-eji ihe nkọwapụta nke ọma mee ihe na iko karama, bọọlụ iko (ọkara alkali, enweghị alkali), iko ọgwụ, iko ọkụ eletrik, iko elektrọnik, iko-ceramics na iko ndị ọzọ. Ụlọ ọrụ ngwaahịa.
2. Sulfate clarifier
Sulfates a na-eji n'ime iko bụ nke kachasị sodium sulfate, barium sulfate, calcium sulfate, na sulfate nwere okpomọkụ na-ere ere dị elu, nke bụ ihe na-eme ka ọ pụta ìhè na okpomọkụ dị elu. Mgbe a na-eji sulfate mee ihe dị ka ihe na-eme ka ọ pụta ìhè, ọ kacha mma iji ya na njikọ oxidizing nitrate, na enweghị ike iji ya na ihe na-ebelata iji gbochie sulfate site na ire ere na obere okpomọkụ. A na-ejikarị sulfate eme ihe na iko karama na iko dị larịị, yana usoro ọgwụgwọ ya bụ 1.0% -1.5% nke batch.
3. Halide na-akọwapụta onye ọrụ
Nke kachasị gụnyere fluoride, sodium chloride, ammonium chloride na ndị ọzọ. Fluoride bụ tumadi fluorite na sodium fluorosilicate. A na-agbakọ ọnụọgụ fluorite ejiri dị ka onye na-akọwapụta ihe dabere na 0.5% fluorine ewebatara n'ime batch. Ngwọta n'ozuzu nke sodium fluorosilicate bụ 0.4%-0.6% nke ego sodium oxide n'ime iko. N'oge agbaze nke fluoride, akụkụ nke fluorine ga-emepụta hydrogen fluoride, silicon fluoride, na sodium fluoride. Nsi ya dị ukwuu karịa nke sọlfọ dioxide. Ekwesịrị ịtụle mmetụta dị na ikuku mgbe ị na-eji ya. Vaporization na volatility nke sodium chloride na oke okpomọkụ nwere ike ịkwalite nkọwa nke mmiri mmiri iko. Usoro ọgwụgwọ n'ozuzu bụ 1.3% -3.5% nke ihe ogbe. Nke ukwuu ga-emulize iko. A na-ejikarị ya eme ihe dị ka nkọwa maka iko nwere boron.
Anọ, nkọwa nkọwa
Ihe mgbagwoju anya nke mejupụtara na-eji uru nkọwa atọ nke ikuku oxygen, nkọwapụta sọlfọ na halogen nkọwa na onye na-ahụ maka nkọwa, ma na-enye egwuregwu zuru oke na mmetụta synergistic na nke kachasị elu nke atọ, nke nwere ike nweta mmetụta nke nkọwa na-aga n'ihu ma mee ka nkọwa ahụ dịkwuo mma. ike. Ọ bụ otu nkọwa. Onye nnọchi anya enweghị atụ. Dị ka usoro mmepe si kwuo, e nwere: ọgbọ mbụ nke ihe mgbagwoju anya, ọgbọ nke abụọ nke ihe mgbagwoju anya na ọgbọ nke atọ nke ihe mgbagwoju anya. A na-akpọkwa ọgbọ nke atọ nke ndị na-akọwa ihe mgbagwoju anya ọgbọ ọhụrụ nke ndị na-eme ihe na-emekọ ihe na gburugburu ebe obibi, bụ ndị na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ na gburugburu ebe obibi. Amara maka nchekwa ya na arụmọrụ ya, ọ bụ ntụziaka mmepe n'ọdịnihu nke ụlọ ọrụ na-ahụ maka ihe nrịbama iko na ihe a na-apụghị izere ezere nke imezu usoro enweghị arsenic na ụlọ ọrụ iko. Usoro ọgwụgwọ n'ozuzu bụ 0.4%-0.6% nke ogbe. A na-eji ihe nkọwapụta nke ọma mee ihe na iko karama, bọọlụ iko (ọkara alkali, enweghị alkali), iko ọgwụ, iko ọkụ eletrik, iko elektrọnik, iko-ceramics na iko ndị ọzọ. Ụlọ ọrụ ngwaahịa.
Oge nzipu: Dec-06-2021